{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "generatedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:41.824Z",
  "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:52.128Z",
  "method": {
    "samples": 10,
    "warmup": 1,
    "stepTimeoutMs": 120000,
    "sandboxTask": "create -> run `echo ok` -> destroy; ttiMs = create + first command",
    "browserTask": "create session -> CDP connect (Playwright connectOverCDP) -> goto target (domcontentloaded) -> release; readyMs = create + connect + goto",
    "target": {
      "url": "https://coldtally.com/bench-target/",
      "controlledByColdtally": true
    },
    "order": "providers in random order, samples sequential (no concurrency)",
    "harness": "https://github.com/latent-signal/coldtally-data/tree/main/bench"
  },
  "runner": {
    "githubActions": true,
    "runId": "39124127423",
    "runUrl": "https://github.com/latent-signal/coldtally-data/actions/runs/39124127423",
    "environment": "github-hosted",
    "os": "Linux",
    "arch": "X64",
    "node": "v22.23.3",
    "cpus": 4,
    "region": null,
    "geo": {
      "city": "Phoenix",
      "region": "Arizona",
      "country": "US",
      "org": "AS8075 Microsoft Corporation",
      "source": "ipinfo.io lookup of the runner egress IP (approximate; IP not stored)"
    },
    "note": "GitHub-hosted runners are not pinned to a region, so network latency from the runner to each provider varies between runs."
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "provider": "cloudflare",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "sdk": {
        "name": "Cloudflare Containers (Durable Object container API) via bench Worker",
        "version": "compat 2026-10-17, wrangler 4.151.1"
      },
      "region": {
        "requested": null,
        "note": "Cloudflare placement (the Worker runs at the colo nearest the runner; colo recorded per sample)"
      },
      "resources": {
        "instance": "standard-1",
        "cpuNote": "1/2 vCPU, 4 GiB, 8 GB disk",
        "image": "cloudflare/debian-trixie"
      },
      "timing": {
        "measuredInside": "worker",
        "note": "ttiMs, createMs, firstCommandMs and destroyMs are measured inside the Worker (Durable Object) with Date.now(); they exclude network latency from the runner, unlike the other sandbox providers, whose timings are measured by the harness on the runner. roundTripMs is the client-side round trip for the whole create + echo ok + destroy request.",
        "createNote": "container.start() returns before the instance is ready, so createMs is near 0 and boot time shows up in firstCommandMs; compare ttiMs."
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:52.131Z",
      "sweeps": [
        {
          "phase": "before",
          "found": 0,
          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": null,
          "supported": false
        },
        {
          "phase": "after",
          "found": 0,
          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": null,
          "supported": false
        }
      ],
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:00.570Z",
      "primaryMetric": "ttiMs",
      "attempted": 10,
      "succeeded": 10,
      "successRate": 1,
      "metrics": {
        "ttiMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 169,
          "p95Ms": 279,
          "minMs": 55,
          "maxMs": 279
        },
        "createMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 0,
          "p95Ms": 0,
          "minMs": 0,
          "maxMs": 0
        },
        "firstCommandMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 169,
          "p95Ms": 279,
          "minMs": 55,
          "maxMs": 279
        },
        "destroyMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 106,
          "p95Ms": 277,
          "minMs": 61,
          "maxMs": 277
        },
        "roundTripMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 746,
          "p95Ms": 992,
          "minMs": 604,
          "maxMs": 992
        }
      },
      "summary": {
        "metric": "ttiMs",
        "n": 10,
        "medianMs": 169,
        "p95Ms": 279,
        "minMs": 55,
        "maxMs": 279,
        "attempted": 10,
        "successRate": 1
      },
      "status": "ok",
      "warmupSample": {
        "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:52.131Z",
        "ok": true,
        "createMs": 0,
        "firstCommandMs": 173,
        "ttiMs": 173,
        "destroyMs": 62,
        "roundTripMs": 805,
        "region": "LAX",
        "i": 0,
        "warmup": true
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:52.937Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 183,
          "ttiMs": 183,
          "destroyMs": 178,
          "roundTripMs": 705,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 1,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:53.643Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 169,
          "ttiMs": 169,
          "destroyMs": 61,
          "roundTripMs": 992,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 2,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:54.635Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 279,
          "ttiMs": 279,
          "destroyMs": 106,
          "roundTripMs": 825,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 3,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:55.460Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 55,
          "ttiMs": 55,
          "destroyMs": 183,
          "roundTripMs": 604,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 4,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:56.064Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 191,
          "ttiMs": 191,
          "destroyMs": 277,
          "roundTripMs": 869,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 5,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:56.933Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 166,
          "ttiMs": 166,
          "destroyMs": 93,
          "roundTripMs": 649,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 6,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:57.582Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 58,
          "ttiMs": 58,
          "destroyMs": 213,
          "roundTripMs": 703,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 7,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:58.285Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 234,
          "ttiMs": 234,
          "destroyMs": 76,
          "roundTripMs": 777,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 8,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:59.063Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 219,
          "ttiMs": 219,
          "destroyMs": 71,
          "roundTripMs": 762,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 9,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:39:59.824Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 0,
          "firstCommandMs": 153,
          "ttiMs": 153,
          "destroyMs": 147,
          "roundTripMs": 746,
          "region": "LAX",
          "i": 10,
          "warmup": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "browser-use",
      "category": "browser",
      "sdk": {
        "name": "Browser Use REST API",
        "version": "v4"
      },
      "region": {
        "requested": null,
        "note": "Browser Use default placement (no region parameter on browser creation; proxy disabled)"
      },
      "resources": {
        "headless": "Browser Use default",
        "proxy": "disabled",
        "solveCaptchas": false,
        "recording": false,
        "timeoutMin": 1
      },
      "billing": {
        "perHour": 0.02,
        "rounding": "minute",
        "minSec": 60,
        "source": "https://docs.browser-use.com/cloud/api-v4/browsers/create-browser-session"
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:00.851Z",
      "sweeps": [
        {
          "phase": "before",
          "found": 0,
          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": 0,
          "supported": true
        },
        {
          "phase": "after",
          "found": 0,
          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": 0,
          "supported": true
        }
      ],
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:18.347Z",
      "primaryMetric": "readyMs",
      "attempted": 10,
      "succeeded": 10,
      "successRate": 1,
      "metrics": {
        "readyMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 1135,
          "p95Ms": 2286,
          "minMs": 1074,
          "maxMs": 2286
        },
        "createMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 240,
          "p95Ms": 1347,
          "minMs": 208,
          "maxMs": 1347
        },
        "connectMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 739,
          "p95Ms": 804,
          "minMs": 717,
          "maxMs": 804
        },
        "gotoMs": {
          "n": 10,
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          "maxMs": 172
        },
        "releaseMs": {
          "n": 10,
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          "minMs": 73,
          "maxMs": 127
        }
      },
      "summary": {
        "metric": "readyMs",
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        "medianMs": 1135,
        "p95Ms": 2286,
        "minMs": 1074,
        "maxMs": 2286,
        "attempted": 10,
        "successRate": 1
      },
      "status": "ok",
      "warmupSample": {
        "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:01.411Z",
        "ok": true,
        "createMs": 1475,
        "connectMs": 824,
        "gotoMs": 241,
        "httpStatus": 200,
        "readyMs": 2540,
        "releaseMs": 77,
        "i": 0,
        "warmup": true
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:04.097Z",
          "ok": true,
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          "connectMs": 768,
          "gotoMs": 171,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 2286,
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:06.534Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:07.770Z",
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          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:09.012Z",
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          "createMs": 221,
          "connectMs": 742,
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          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1099,
          "releaseMs": 87,
          "i": 4,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:10.264Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 331,
          "connectMs": 804,
          "gotoMs": 144,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1279,
          "releaseMs": 75,
          "i": 5,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:11.685Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 248,
          "connectMs": 742,
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          "readyMs": 1136,
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          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:12.957Z",
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          "createMs": 280,
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          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1184,
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          "i": 7,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:14.281Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:15.571Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 221,
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          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1110,
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:16.873Z",
          "ok": true,
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          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1236,
          "releaseMs": 98,
          "i": 10,
          "warmup": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "steel",
      "category": "browser",
      "sdk": {
        "name": "steel-sdk",
        "version": "0.18.0"
      },
      "region": {
        "requested": "iad"
      },
      "resources": {
        "headless": "Steel default"
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:18.379Z",
      "sweeps": [
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          "phase": "before",
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          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": 0,
          "supported": true
        },
        {
          "phase": "after",
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          "supported": true
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      ],
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:44.301Z",
      "primaryMetric": "readyMs",
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      "succeeded": 10,
      "successRate": 1,
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          "medianMs": 1650,
          "p95Ms": 2532,
          "minMs": 1388,
          "maxMs": 2532
        },
        "createMs": {
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          "medianMs": 396,
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          "minMs": 300,
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        },
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        },
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      },
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      "warmupSample": {
        "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:19.005Z",
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        "httpStatus": 200,
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      "samples": [
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        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:25.046Z",
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        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:27.670Z",
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        },
        {
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          "region": "iad",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:38.419Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:40.514Z",
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          "region": "iad",
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        },
        {
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "daytona",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "sdk": {
        "name": "@daytonaio/sdk",
        "version": "0.225.0"
      },
      "region": {
        "requested": "us"
      },
      "resources": {
        "snapshot": "default",
        "note": "Daytona default snapshot resources"
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:44.484Z",
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        },
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      ],
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      "primaryMetric": "ttiMs",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:53.494Z",
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          "firstCommandMs": 303,
          "ttiMs": 1408,
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:55.027Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:56.317Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:57.921Z",
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          "firstCommandMs": 145,
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "kernel",
      "category": "browser",
      "sdk": {
        "name": "@onkernel/sdk",
        "version": "0.127.0"
      },
      "region": {
        "requested": null,
        "note": "KERNEL default placement (region selection needs a Start-Up or Enterprise plan); observed region recorded per sample"
      },
      "resources": {
        "headless": true,
        "stealth": false
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:59.383Z",
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        {
          "phase": "before",
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          "remaining": 0,
          "supported": true
        },
        {
          "phase": "after",
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          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": 0,
          "supported": true
        }
      ],
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:11.218Z",
      "primaryMetric": "readyMs",
      "attempted": 10,
      "succeeded": 10,
      "successRate": 1,
      "metrics": {
        "readyMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 882,
          "p95Ms": 1036,
          "minMs": 704,
          "maxMs": 1036
        },
        "createMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 206,
          "p95Ms": 225,
          "minMs": 178,
          "maxMs": 225
        },
        "connectMs": {
          "n": 10,
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          "p95Ms": 556,
          "minMs": 337,
          "maxMs": 556
        },
        "gotoMs": {
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        },
        "releaseMs": {
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          "minMs": 75,
          "maxMs": 109
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      },
      "summary": {
        "metric": "readyMs",
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        "p95Ms": 1036,
        "minMs": 704,
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        "successRate": 1
      },
      "status": "ok",
      "warmupSample": {
        "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:40:59.624Z",
        "ok": true,
        "createMs": 360,
        "region": "us-east",
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        "gotoMs": 193,
        "httpStatus": 200,
        "readyMs": 1056,
        "releaseMs": 114,
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        "warmup": true
      },
      "samples": [
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:00.845Z",
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          "region": "us-east",
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          "gotoMs": 333,
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          "readyMs": 948,
          "releaseMs": 101,
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          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:01.952Z",
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          "region": "us-east",
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          "readyMs": 989,
          "releaseMs": 109,
          "i": 2,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:03.102Z",
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          "createMs": 205,
          "region": "us-east",
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          "gotoMs": 266,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 904,
          "releaseMs": 85,
          "i": 3,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:04.143Z",
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          "createMs": 215,
          "region": "us-east",
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          "gotoMs": 233,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 810,
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          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:05.100Z",
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          "region": "us-east",
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          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 818,
          "releaseMs": 75,
          "i": 5,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:06.045Z",
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          "createMs": 225,
          "region": "us-east",
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          "gotoMs": 255,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 1036,
          "releaseMs": 98,
          "i": 6,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:07.230Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 217,
          "region": "us-east",
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          "gotoMs": 290,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 882,
          "releaseMs": 93,
          "i": 7,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:08.257Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 216,
          "region": "us-east",
          "connectMs": 356,
          "gotoMs": 333,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 905,
          "releaseMs": 102,
          "i": 8,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:09.316Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 178,
          "region": "us-east",
          "connectMs": 345,
          "gotoMs": 181,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 704,
          "releaseMs": 81,
          "i": 9,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:10.152Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 206,
          "region": "us-east",
          "connectMs": 351,
          "gotoMs": 269,
          "httpStatus": 200,
          "readyMs": 826,
          "releaseMs": 100,
          "i": 10,
          "warmup": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "provider": "cloudflare-browser-run",
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        "name": "@cloudflare/playwright via Workers browser binding (bench Worker)",
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      },
      "region": {
        "requested": null,
        "note": "Cloudflare placement (Worker colo nearest the runner; colo recorded per sample)"
      },
      "resources": {
        "headless": true,
        "keepAliveMs": 10000
      },
      "timing": {
        "measuredInside": "worker",
        "note": "createMs (acquire), connectMs, gotoMs (newPage + goto, domcontentloaded) and releaseMs are measured inside the Worker with Date.now(), so the browser and the timer are both inside Cloudflare's network. The other browser providers are timed on the runner, over the internet. roundTripMs is the client-side time for the whole request."
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:11.219Z",
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          "phase": "before",
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          "destroyed": 0,
          "remaining": null,
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        },
        {
          "phase": "after",
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          "destroyed": 0,
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          "supported": false
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      ],
      "leftoverCheck": {
        "active": 0,
        "recent": 38,
        "closeReasons": {
          "NormalClosure": 38
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      },
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:23.570Z",
      "primaryMetric": "readyMs",
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      "successRate": 1,
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          "minMs": 491,
          "maxMs": 1363
        },
        "createMs": {
          "n": 10,
          "medianMs": 156,
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          "minMs": 131,
          "maxMs": 922
        },
        "connectMs": {
          "n": 10,
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        "gotoMs": {
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        "releaseMs": {
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        "roundTripMs": {
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      },
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      },
      "status": "ok",
      "warmupSample": {
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        "createMs": 1048,
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        "region": "LAX",
        "roundTripMs": 1725,
        "i": 0,
        "warmup": true
      },
      "samples": [
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          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:12.945Z",
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        },
        {
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          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:14.944Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:16.412Z",
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:20.453Z",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:21.453Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 192,
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          "region": "LAX",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:22.453Z",
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      ]
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        "note": "E2B Cloud default region (not selectable via SDK)"
      },
      "resources": {
        "template": "base (default)",
        "note": "template defaults"
      },
      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:23.653Z",
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      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:27.810Z",
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      "successRate": 1,
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        "firstCommandMs": {
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        "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:23.872Z",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        "requested": null,
        "note": "Modal default placement (region selection not used; it carries a price multiplier)"
      },
      "resources": {
        "cpu": 1,
        "cpuNote": "1 physical core = 2 vCPU",
        "memoryMiB": 4096,
        "image": "alpine:3.21"
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      "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:27.893Z",
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          "supported": true
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      ],
      "finishedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:41.757Z",
      "primaryMetric": "ttiMs",
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        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:35.356Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 70,
          "firstCommandMs": 364,
          "ttiMs": 434,
          "destroyMs": 60,
          "i": 9,
          "warmup": false
        },
        {
          "startedAt": "2026-10-18T11:41:35.851Z",
          "ok": true,
          "createMs": 77,
          "firstCommandMs": 488,
          "ttiMs": 565,
          "destroyMs": 67,
          "i": 10,
          "warmup": false
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "notRun": [
    {
      "provider": "hyperbrowser",
      "category": "browser",
      "status": "skipped",
      "reason": "missing secret(s): HYPERBROWSER_API_KEY"
    },
    {
      "provider": "browserbase",
      "category": "browser",
      "status": "skipped",
      "reason": "missing secret(s): BROWSERBASE_API_KEY, BROWSERBASE_PROJECT_ID"
    },
    {
      "provider": "vercel",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "status": "skipped",
      "reason": "missing secret(s): VERCEL_TOKEN, VERCEL_TEAM_ID, VERCEL_PROJECT_ID"
    },
    {
      "provider": "blaxel",
      "category": "sandbox",
      "status": "excluded",
      "reason": "Terms prohibit publishing benchmarks (pricing only)."
    }
  ]
}